Open list system voters vote for party & candidates on the party's list so voters affect WHO gets the seats. What is the difference between closed list and open list voting systems?Ĭlosed list voters vote for entire list and more seats party wins, more their list elected. Majority/plurality ensures majority but bad because it's expense of small groups. not great because all the parties might not agree on anything, it could be inefficient. O PR maximizes representativeness, % votes a party = % seats they receive. How do proportional representation electoral systems differ from majority/plurality electoral systems? Oğirst-past-the-post, median voter theorem, no place for a 3rd party to enter Why do 3rd parties tend to fail at the polls in the US? Majority means there can't be a third party usually. O Plurality is person with the most votes while majority is the person with 50%+1 votes. What is the difference between a plurality and a majority? Likelihood of it occurring increases with number of alternatives and number of voters.
What conditions increase Condorcet Paradox probability of occurring? doesn't give voters a huge number of policy choices to vote on. Therefore a good electoral system must either limit voters or limit choices, which is why the U.S. What are its implications for electoral politics? (Condorcet Paradox) OĚ Condorcet Paradox is that collective preferences can be cyclic, even if the preferences of individual voters are not, which is paradoxical because it means that the wishes of different majorities can be in conflict with each other. What is a Condorcet Paradox? What are its implications for electoral politics? What conditions increase its probability of occurring? Principle which asserts that a plurality rule (first-past-the-post )election system tends to favor a two-party system candidate who accrues more 50% of votes first wins because of median voter theorem third parties fail What is Duverger’s Law? What are its implications for electoral politics? The implication is that someone will always feel underrepresented and that electoral systems can either be more dictatorial and more efficient or they can be more representative and less efficient What are implications of Arrow's Impossibility Theorem for electoral politics? No mechanism that generates coherent group decision that considers all preferences, makes group preferences reflect rank order of individual preferences, and is not dictatorial (there is not one person whose preferences become the group's). But for the foreseeable future, energy scarcity will keep boosting their bottom line.- What is Arrow’s Impossibility Theorem? What are its implications for electoral politics? Earlier in October the company left Russia empty-handed after President Vladimir Putin expropriated some of its Russian assets. Exxon still has worries, such as its clash with America’s energy secretary over caps on fuel exports. Now gas prices have receded but oil prices are up again, boosted by a big cut to the monthly output target of OPEC+, a cartel of producers. But margins were boosted by sales of pricey natural gas, especially to energy-starved Europe. Cheaper crude, a result of Russia’s continued exports and the slowing global economy, combined with lower refinery margins to dent Exxon’s haul. America’s largest oil firm has already hinted that it probably won’t match the record $17.9bn in profits it posted for the previous quarter-but that it will come close, despite oil prices falling from their dizzying heights after Russia invaded Ukraine. On Friday ExxonMobil releases its results for the third quarter. The lengthy backlog of untaken government decisions looks set to grow.
Then, it took three years to replace them with politicians. To prevent the region from stagnating in the meantime, Westminster may give more power to civil servants, who effectively ran the country the last time the government collapsed in 2017. Whichever wins, their main contention-on the Northern Ireland protocol that created a new Irish Sea border with Britain after Brexit-will remain unresolved. It will probably be held on December 15th.īoth parties are expected to consolidate their positions with voters. At midnight on Friday, six months since the last election, their time to re-establish a power-sharing government ran out, triggering a fresh election. The runner-up Democratic Unionist Party wants to keep Northern Ireland British. Sinn Féin, which won its first election in May, wants a united Ireland. Each of its two biggest parties can block the other from governing. Northern Ireland has had no regional government since February.
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